© Courtney Hunt, MD, 2026 Modern medicine organizes disease into silos. Cardiology treats the heart. Endocrinology treats hormones. Neurology treats the brain. Oncology treats cancer. Reproductive medicine treats fertility. Biology does not operate in silos. Across nearly every chronic disease, the same metabolic disturbance appears years before diagnosis. That disturbance is insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is not simply a blood sugar problem. It represents a breakdown in cellular...

© Courtney Hunt, MD, 2026 The kidney is among the most metabolically demanding organs in human physiology. Each day it filters approximately 180 liters of plasma, reclaiming electrolytes, glucose, amino acids, and water through tightly regulated transport processes occurring primarily in the proximal tubule. These processes are driven by dense mitochondrial populations that generate ATP required for ion transport and solute reabsorption. Consequently, renal physiology is fundamentally an...

Modern medicine has normalized a metabolic state that human physiology was never designed to sustain. The constant dependence on carbohydrates as a primary fuel source is a recent phenomenon in evolutionary time. For the majority of human history, metabolic flexibility—particularly the ability to burn fat and generate ketones—was not an optional adaptation. It was the default. The human organism evolved under conditions of intermittent food availability, seasonal carbohydrate scarcity, and...